Today the US Government took over the two credit extension companies Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac placing them into conservatorship. Which is a gentle form of bankruptcy and Chapter 11. It means that tax payers now explicitly back the credit those companies extend, including their existing liabilities, rather than implicitly and on the nod before. According to Big Picture this means that:

The conservator's goals are to (1) put the company in a sound and solvent condition, and (2) carry on the company's business and preserve and conserve the assets and property of the company.

Tax payer money is being used to buy the mortgage backed securities the two companies own. According to Jim Rogers, those that read the prospectus of the two companies knew they were over extended and were going to fail.

The subprime mortgage market was a bad idea. The US also has the process of those that give the mortgage then selling them off to another company. This divorces the lender from collection and is one reason why this has turned into such a schmozzle. It is not a big deal if you collect the mortgage fees on the package and then rid yourself of the worry of debt collection.

I am not sure if the cost to the US taxpayer is five trillion or half a trillion; there does not seem to be concrete data on this. If it is five trillion that is the current US national debt. For perspective, even half a trillion is more than the farming subsidy bill amount and more than what the US pays for its military year to year.

The US Government is a debtor nation already so to pay for this i is likely that more money will be printed which means greater inflation pressure. This has been the policy of the central bank in the US for a while now. I doubt that will change. For the taxpaying American that will be the most obvious outcome of the current policies; increased or continuing high inflation

Update - Around the Australian commentators, Gary Sauer-Thompson argues it punctures the free market illusions and aspirations of the US Republican Party:

This must sound like socialism to Wall Street and the free market Republicans whose rhetoric is that "small government" is a virtue. Didn't the Republican convention include countless attacks on big government? Yet here we have the Republican Bush administration nationalizes a major industry! The illusions need puncturing.

John Quiggin writes that this is the end of neo-liberalism. The US financial sector was allowed to innovate into the mortgage market with minimal regulation and ended up putting pressure on the stability of the financial system instead:

On the other hand, the fact that the credit crisis has reached this point marks the failure of the central claim of the neoliberal program, namely that private capital markets, free from intrusive government regulation, can enable individuals and households to handle the risks they face more flexibly and efficiently than a social-democratic welfare state.

Joshua Gans is left defending his AussieMac proposal in the light of the failure of the US institutions. He argues the difference is that the backing from the government is explicit not implicit like it was from Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae (until today). Somehow it is assumed this will stop AussieMac purchasing high risk debt?

In our mind, it is the implicit guarantee that is the issue and when you recognise the causes of imperfection in markets -- namely, information asymmetry -- you realise that being explicit is the way to go and the way to improve efficiency. So to spend time attacking Freddie and Fannie is not particularly useful for the Australian debate.

In which case it would be better not to call the proposal AussieMac and instead call it something closer to the intent such as the National Mortgage Bank of Australia. There were Australian bank exposures to the bundling, selling and repurchasing of high risk debt, but not in the manner there was in the US. Under a free market bad companies are supposed to fail and cease to be viable competitors on the market. So Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac should fail rather than be bundled out with external money - in this case US taxpayers.

JC at Thoughts on Freedom notes incredulously:

These schleps were leveraged 35:1! And the senior staff received large bonuses for writing business and expanding the balance sheet.

Internationally, the Cunning Realist laments where the burden will fall:

Who will pay for this? Nominally, every taxpayer. But in real terms and disproportionately, the prudent will pay via inflation. ... If people really understood what was going on here - essentially a system of "soft slavery" in which an ever-increasing amount of one's daily labor subsidizes Wall Street and the speculator class via inflation and the socialization of risk - they'd be in the street. Of course very few do understand it, which is what policymakers count on.

I am not so cynical yet, but it is hard not to be disheartened.

More Reading on Fannie mae

• Fannie Mae
• Freddie Mac
• Government Bailouts
• Mortgage Markets
• Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac